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ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  LOG  CABIN 

ST.  CHARLES  SCHOOL   FOR    BOYS 

FRANK  D.  WHIPP,  Managing  Officer 
ST.  CHARLES.  ILLINOIS 


OFFICERS  STATE  OF   ILLINOIS 

Governor,  Len  Small,  Kankakee. 
Lieutenant-Governor.  Fred  E.  Sterling,  Rockford. 
Secretary  of  State,  Louis  L.  Einmerson  Mt.  Vernon. 
Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  Oscar  Nelson,  Geneva. 
St=ite  Treasurer,  Omer  N.  Custer,  Galesburg. 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Francis  G.  Blair 
Charleston. 

Attorney  General,  Oscar  E.  Carlstrom,  Aledo. 
Clerk  of  Supreme  Court,  Charles  W.   Vail.  Chicago 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  WELFARE 

General  Office,  Springfield 

C.  H.   Jenkins,   Direcftor 

Sherman  W.   Searle,  Assistant  Director 

Herman  M.  Adler,  M.   D.,  Criminologist 

E.  B.  Brooks,  Superintendent  of  Charities 

Elmer  J.   Green.   Superintendent  of  Prisons 

Will  Colvin,  Superintendent  of  Pardons  and  Paroles 


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ABRAHAM   LIXCOO 


THOMAS  Lincoln,  a  descendant  of  colonial  pioneers,  earned  his  living  "hiring  out"  to  any  farmer  ■who 
would  have  him.  He  had  no  chance  to  earn  an  education,  and  he  grew  to  manhood  without  learning 
to  write  his  name.  He  was  physically  ."strong  and  had;;a  cheerful  disposition  that  made  him  friends. 
His  sound  %ense  and  quiet  mannir  were  noted,  and  he  had  the  reputatation  of  being  a  good  spinner  of 
yarns. 

When  Thomas  was  twenty-five  he  was  working  for  Joseph  Hanks,  who  ow^ned  a  carpenter  shop. 
Mr.  Hanks  had  a  lovely,  gray-eyed  sister  called  Nancy.  She  was  a  tall,  slim  girl,  dark  and  delicate-look- 
ing, usually,  she  was  sweet-tempered  and  lively,  but  at  times  she  had  moods  of  melancholy  that  gave  to  her 
face  a  sad  expression  which  people  were  quick  to  observe.  She  had  gone  to  school  and  could  read  and 
v^rite.      Her  favorite  and  only  book  vk'as  the  Bible, 

Thomas  Lincoln  and  Nancy  Hanks  fell  in  love,  and  on  June  12,  1806,  they  were  married.  Thomas 
and  Nancy  lived  in  Elizabethtown  for  about  a  year.  Their  daughter  Sarah,  was  born  here  on  the  tenth  of 
February  1807.      Following  this  event  they  moved  to  their  place  on  Nolin  Creek. 

Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln  v^^as  an  efficient  housekeeper.  Her  hearth  w^as  always  swept,  her  cabin  tidy, 
her  children  clean.  She  sheared  her  ov^fn  sheep  and  spun  the  wool  into  cloth.  She  was  her  ov/n  tailor  and 
seamstress.  She  helped  her  husband  in  the  field  with  axe  and  hoe.  She  was  a  sprightly  woman  bf  supe- 
rior character. 

In  this  clean  log  cabin  vvrith  one  window,  a  door,  and  a  w^ide  outside  chimney  made  of  poles  and  clay, 
on  a  cold  winter's  day,  February  12,  1809,  a  little  baby  was  born  in  Hardin  County,  Kentucky.  This  new^- 
born  infant  was  a  fine  healthy  son  of  Thomas  and  Nancy  Lincoln.  This  baby  was  named  Abraham.  Sarah, 
his  sister,  was  delighted  with  the  baby  who  lay  in  a  bed  of  furs  staring  at  the  rafters  and  cracks  overhead. 


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The  Lincolns  lived  on  Nolan  Creek  until  Abraham  was  four  years  old.  In  1813  the  family  moved  to 
Knob  Creek.  Thomas  Lincoln  put  Abe  to  wrork  doing  the  easiest  tasks  of  the  field  just  as  soon  as  he  was 
strong  enough  to  pull  weeds  and  carry  tools.      Abe  helped  his  mother,  too,  carrying  wood  and  water. 

Corn  dodger  and  potatoes  were  staple  foods,  the  potatoes  being  sometimes  peeled  and  eaten  raw  like 
apples;  and  in  the  bitter  cold  weather  potatoes  hot  from  the  ashes  were  given  the  children  on  their  way  to 
school  or  when  an  errand  took  them  a  great  distance,  to  serve  them  as  hand  warmers. 

When  Abe  was  seven  years  old,  the  family  moved  to  Indiana.  Abe  and  his  mother  worked  in  the 
■woods  and  helped  his  father  build  a  nevv^  home  It  ■was  simply  a  hut  made  of  rough  logs  and  limbs  of 
trees,  it  had  no  door  and  no  windows.  One  side  of  it  was  left  entirely  open.  In  v/inter  Abe's  mother 
used  to  hang  up  some  buffalo  skins  before  this  wide  entrance  to   keep  out  the  cold. 

The  family  lived  in  this  shed  for  about  a  year;  then  they  moved  into  a  new  log  cabin  which  they  had 
built,  and  w^hich  had  four  sides  to  it.  They  seemed  to  have  made  a  nev\r  set  of  furniture  for  the  new^  house. 
Abe's  father  got  a  large  log,  split  it  in  two,  smoothed  off  the  flat  side,  bored  holes  in  the  under  side,  and 
four  stout  sticks  for  legs;  that  made  the  table.  Three-legged  stools  served  as  chairs.  In  one  corner  of  the 
loft  of  this  cabin,  the  boy  had  a  big  bag  of  dry  leaves  for  his  bed.  Whenever  he  felt  like  having  a  new  bed 
all  that  he  had  to  do  was  to  go  out  in  the  woods  and  gather  more  leaves. 

He  w^orked  about  the  place  during  the  day,  helping  his  father  and  mother.  For  his  supper  he  had  a 
piece  of  cornbread.  Alter  he  had  eaten  it,  he  climbed  up  to  his  loft  in  the  dark,  by  a  kind  of  ladder  or 
wooden  pins  driven  into  the  logs.  Five  minutes  after  that,  he  was  fast  asleep  on  his  bed  of  sw^eet-smelling 
leaves,  and  was  dreaming  of  hunting  coons,  or  of  building  a  big  bonfire  out  of  brush. 

Abe's  mother  was  not  strong;  and,  before  they  had  been  in  their  new  log  cabin  a  year,  she  fell  sick 
w^ith  a  terrible  fever  and  died  Octoder  5,  ]818.  Before  she  died  she  called  Abe  and  Sarah  to  her,  enjoinind 
them  to  care  for  their  father,  to  do  =lways  what  ■was  right  and  true,  and  to  love  God.  Long  as  he  liveg 
Abraham  Lincoln  retained  a  vivid  impression  of  that  dark  day,  and  he  never  failed  to  obey  those  solemn 
vk'ords.      When  a  man   he  said  "God  bless  my  mother;  all  that  I  ever  have  or  hope  to  be  I  owe  to  her.  " 

As  a  minister  could  not  be  obtained  to  give  the  religious  rites  when  his  mother  was  buried  on  the 
farm,  Abe  sent  word  to  Rev.  Elkin,  of  Kentucky  to  come  to  Indiana  and  say  prayers  over  his  mother's 
grave.  A  few  months  later  Rev.  Elkin  journeyed  through  the  snow  to  repeat  the  divine  words  the  boy  so 
craved  to  hear. 

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The  Lincoln  Home  at  Springfield.     Visited  by  hundreds  of  thousands  each  year. 


From  far  and  near  neighbors  gathered  to  Hsten  and  pray  under  the  wide  sycamore  that  sheltered 
the  humble  mound  over  Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln  And  the  service  done,  Abe  felt  that  the  memory  of  his 
gentle  mother  "who  gave  us  Lincoln  and  never  knew""  had  been  sancftified  at  last. 

About  one  year  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  Mr.  Lincoln  married  Sally  Johnson,  a  widow  with  three 
children  of  her  own.  She  was  a  superior  woman  and  an  excellent  mother.  Abe  loved  her  dearly.  Mrs  Lincoln 
was  also  fend  of  Abe,  and  treated  him  with  greatest  kindness,  doing  all  she  could  to  promote  his  education. 
Speaking  of  him  after  he  had  grov\rn  to  be  a  man,  she  said.  "Abe  never  gave  me  a  cross  w^ord  or  look,  and 
never  refused  to  do  anything  1  asked  him.      Abe  was  the  best    boy  I  ever  saw  or  expect  to  see." 

Young  Abraham  had  very  little  schooling,  less  than  a  year  all  put  together,  but  during  all  these  years 
of  hardship  and  work  he  was  hungry  for  reading  matter,  He  read  the  Bible  through  and  through.  He 
would  ^valk  miles  to  borrov^  a  book.  On  one  occasion  a  borrowed  volume,  Weem's  Life  of  Washington,  was 
left  too  near  a  crack  in  the  house  and  became  spoiled  by  the  rain.  The  owner  charged  him  three  day  s  work 
at  pulling  fodder  fof  this  book. 

Before  the  fire  in  the  evening  time,  young  Lincoln  ■would  read  by  the  light  of  the  great  blazing  logs  heaped 
up  in  the  open  fire.  Sometimes  he  spent  his  evenings  w^riting  or  ciphering  upon  the  back  of  the  broad  wooden 
fire-shovel  using  a  piece  of  charcoal  for  a  pencil.      In  this  way  he  obtained  a  meager  education. 

At  nineteen  Abraham  Lincoln  had  reached  his  full  height.  He  stood  nearly  six  feet  four  inches, 
barefooted.  He  was  a  kind  of  good-natured  giant.  No  one  in  the  neighborhood  could  strike  an  axe  as 
deep  into  a  tree  as  he  could,  and  few^,  if  any,  were  equal  to  him  in  strength.  It  takes  a  pow^erful  man 
to  put  a  barrel  of  flour  into  a  wagon  without  help,  and  there  is  one  in  a  hundred  who  can  lift  a  barrel  of 
cider  off  the  ground;  but  it  is  said  that  young  Lincoln  could  stoop  down,  lift  a  barrel  on  his  knees,  and 
drink  from  the  bung-hole. 

In  1830  Thomas  Lincoln  decided  to  move  to  Illinois.  Abraham  drove  the  four-ox  team  which  drew 
his  father's  wagon  loaded  with  their  earthly  possessions.  The  patient  oxen  were  driven  without  lines. 
They  obeyed  Abraham's  voice  and  the  motion  of  his  wrhip. 

On  and  on  they  traveled  until  they  reached  the  timbered  lands  on  the  Sangamon  river.  They  settled 
in  Macon  County,  ten  miles  west  of  Decatur.  Here  young  Lincoln  helped  his  father  build  a  cabin  and  to 
fence  in  ten  acres  of  land. 

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In  the  summer  Abe  started  out  to  earn  his  first  money  for  himself.  He  needed  new  trousers.  He  en- 
gaged to  spHt  four  hundred  rails  for  every  yard  of  cloth,  colored  a  butternut  brown,  which  it  took  to  make 
him  a  pair  of  trousers.     It  took  fourteen  hundred  rails  to  pay  for  the  trousers. 

He  engaged  in  a  variety  of  occupations.  He  made  two  trips  down  the  Mississippi  River  on  a  flatboat 
loaded  with  merchandise  for  New  Orleans.      He  came  back  full  of  arguments  against  slavery. 

Young  Abe  hired  out  to  tend  a  gcocery  and  variety  store  in  New  Salem,  Illinois  in  1831.  There  was  a 
gang  of  young  ruffians  in  that  neighborhood  who  made  it  a  point  to  fight  every  stranger.  The  leader.  Jack 
Armstrong,  made  up  his  mind  to  try  his  hand  on  "Tall  Abe."  He  attacked  Lincoln,  and  he  was  so  aston- 
ished at  what  happened  to  him  that  he  never  wanted  to  try  it  again.  From  that  time  on  the  Armstrongs 
were  true  friends  of  "Tall  Abe."  He  earned  the  title  of  "Honest  Abe"  while  clerking  here  by  being  hone^ 
and  faithful  in  all  things. 

In  1832  he  was  made  captain  of  a  comapany  of  volunteers  enlisted  for  the  Black  Hawk  war.  After 
Lincoln  returned  from  the  war  he  was  made  Post  Ma^er  of  New  Salem.  He  found  time  to  do  some  survey- 
ng,  and  began  the  study  of  law^. 

When  he  began  to  practice  law,  everybody  who  knew  him  had  confidence  in  him  because  he  was 
hone^  and  keen.  In  1834  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  Legislature  and  was  elected.  He  met  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  his  future  rival,  and  took  part  in  moving  the  state  capitol  of  Ilhnois  from  Vandalia  to  Springfield.  He 
formed  a  partnership  with  an  old  lawyer  and  opened  up  an  office  in  the  nevsr  capitol  He  became  a  leading 
politician  in  the  Whig  party  In  1842  he  married  Miss  Mary  Todd  of  Kentucky.  In  1846  he  was  elecfted  to 
Congress.  In  1856  Lmcoln  took  part  in  the  formation  of  the  Republican  party.  The  joint  debates  between 
Lincoln  and  Douglas  attracted  national  attention.  In  I860  Lincoln  was  nominated  for  the  presidency  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  elected  president  the  following  November.  He  piloted  "The  Ship  of  State"  safely 
through  the  Civil  War  and  preserved  the  Union.  He  gave  the  world  one  of  the  choice^  pieces  of  literature, 
"The  Gettysburg  Address." 

On  April  14th  1865,  the  v^rorld  ■was  thrown  into  a  state  of  mourning  because  of  the  assassination  of  the 
"Saviour  of  our  Country".  He  was  buried  at  Springfield,  Illinois.  In  his  death,  the  nation  lost  its  greater 
hero.  No  other  American  ■was  ever  mourned  as  was  our  martyred  president.  He  was  a  man  of  the  people. 
He  rose  from  obscurity  into  eminence.  He  w^as  a  man  of  integrity  and  ability;  his  hand  w^as  at  the  helm 
during  the  most  perilous  period  of  our  national  existence;  but  the  reason  for  such  profound  and  universal 
grief  must  be  sought  in  the  fact  that,  somehow,  in  the  death  of  Abraham  Lincoln  each  individual  felt  that 
he  had  lost  a  just,  a  wise    a  patient  personal  friend.      Academic  Department. 

9 


Abraham  Lincoln  Log  Cabin   Eretfted  as  an  Inspiration  for  the  lads  of  the  St.  Charles  School  for  Boys 


ST.  CHARLES  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS 

FRANK  D.  WHIPP,   Managing  Officer  i 

THE  St.  Charles  School  for  Boys  is  located  on  a  1200  acre  tracft  of  land  in  Kane  county,  in  the  Fox  River 
Valley,  one  of  the  mo^  pitfluresque  spots  in  Illinois,  a  little  over  three  miles  we^  of  St  Charles  and 
Geneva,  and  only  thirty-eight  miles  we^  of  Chicago,  on  the  Lincoln  Highway.  The  buildings  consi^ 
of  fourteen  cottage  in  the  central  group  and  eight  farm  cottages.  The  buildings  in  the  central  group  are  built 
of  red  brick  with  red  fire  tile  roofing,  costing  approximately  $35,000.00  each.  The  approximate  value  of  the 
plant  is  $1,250,000.00.  The  capacity  of  each  cottage  is  about  fifty  boys  and  each  cottage  is  in  charge  of  a 
couple,  designated  as  Housefather  and  Housemother,  who  look  after  the  boys,  as  nearly  as  possible  as  if 
they  were  in  their  ow^n  homes.  Each  boy  attends  school  one-half  a  day.  There  are  also  school,  hospital 
and  other  utility  buildings. 

The  object  of  this  school  is  to  furnish  care,  training,  education  and  a  home  to  the  delinquent  boys 
committed  here  by  the  courts  of  Illinois;  in  other  words,  this  is  state  boarding  school  for  boys.  Only  boys 
between  the  ages  of  ten  and  seventeen  may  be  committed  here.  All  expense  of  maintenance  and  education 
are  paid  by  the  State  of  Illinois  and  the  relatives  are  not  required  to  reimburse  the  state  for  this  service. 
This  school  has  been  in  operation  almost  twenty  years  and  during  that  time  between  seventy-five  hundred 
and  eight  thousand  boys  have  received  training  here.  On  April  15,  1925  there  were  750  actually  present 
in  the  school,  and  850  boys  on  parole,  who  are  visited  and  supervised  by  the  division  of  Pardons  and 
Paroles  of  the  State  Department  of  Public  Welfare. 

The  Academic  Department  of  the  school  which  is  in  charge  of  a  corps  of  seventeen  trained  instruc- 
tors is  a  branch  of  the  public  school  system  of  Illinois  and  is  housed  in  a  modern  school  building.  The 
school  course  covers  the  first  eight  years  work  as  described  by  the  Illinois  Slate  Course  of  Study,  upon 
completion  of  which  pupils  are  awarded  diplomas.  All  eighth  grade  graduates  are  entered  in  the  commer- 
cial class  in  which  the  Gregg  system  of  shorthand  is  taught,  together  with  the  accompanying  studies  given 
in  the  regular  Gregg  Stenographic  Course,  including  typing.  The  Palmer  method  of  business  penmanship 
is  taught.      Last  year  there  were  forty  graduates  from  the  eighth  grade. 

II 


Preparing Si^  lor  Lincoln  Cabin 


There  is  an  attractive  library  containing  about  two  thousand  volumes,  and  the  books  have  been 
approved  by  the  Illinois  Library  Extension  Commission. 

In  a  school  of  this  kind,  military  training  is  almo^  a  necessity  because  it  teaches  prompt  obedience 
and  the  discipline  of  the  institution  is  handled  in  an  orderly  ■way.  The  military  organization  consisting  of 
ten  companies  is  in  charge  of  a  trained  military  officer,  and  the  band  of  thirty-five  pieces  is  in  charge  of  the 
bandmaster.  Weather  permitting,  every  Sunday  afternoon  dress  parade  is  held  on  the  campus  which  is 
usually  well  attended  by  visitors  from  surrounding  tow^ns. 

Religious  services  are  held  every  Sunday,  Protestant  services  in  the  Amusement  Hall,  and  Catholic  in 
the  Auditorium  of  the  School.     Churches  of  other  denominations  hold  services  at  different  times. 

The  school  has  a  magnificent  Gymnasium  building  with  swimrning  poo'.  The  building  and  equip- 
ment costs  $75,000.00,  the  money  being  donated  by  the  Commercial  Club  of  Chicago. 

The  health  of  boys  is  looked  after  by  a  physician,  two  trained  nurses,  and  a  full  time  dentist.  The 
school  has  a  modern  up  to  date  hospital  building  fully  equipped. 

The  farm  department  is  organized  in  eight  units  w^here  boys  are  cared  for  in  colonies. 

Pure  whole  milk  is  a  very  important  factor  in  feeding  the  youth  of  this  school  and  the  production  from 
our  one  hundred  ten  dairy  cattle  is  nowf  about  one  hundred  eighty  gallons  daily,  which  enables  the  man- 
agement to  supply  almost  a  quart  of  whole  milk  each  day,  both  to  the  boys  and  officers  of  the  school.  The 
dairy  cattle  are  now^  entirely  free  from  tuberculosis.  The  old  herd  was  disposed  of  some  time  ago  and  the 
present  one  consists  of  cattle  purchased  w^hich  were  tested  and  certified  to  be  free  from  this  dreaded  disease. 
Furthermore  the  present  management  has  discontinued  the  issuance  of  separated  milk  to  the  boys  and  is  now 
furnishing  whole  milk.  The  milk  separators  and  churn  have  been  dismantled  and  discontinued,  and  now 
instead  of  supplying  the  officers  with  butter  from  the  milk  intended  for  the  boys  it  is  purchased  on  the 
market. 

Work  is  one  of  the  best  medicines  for  the  delinquent  boy,  and  the  school  is  administering  considerable 
of  this  medicine  in  the  wa}'  of  industries.  The  boys  manufacture  all  of  the  clothing,  and  make  all  the  shoes 
worn  by  boys.  They  operate  a  carpenter  shop,  print  shop,  machine  shop,  tin  shop,  blacksmith  shop,  do  all 
of  the  repairing  of  harness,  shoeing  of  all  the  horses,  and  looking  after  the  blacksmithing  necessary  on  the 
farms  and  about  the  transportation  depaitment.  One  of  the  most  important  departments  is  the  bakery  where 
bread,   cookies  and  pies  are  made  for  the  officers  and  boys. 

13 


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Boy's  Lake  from  Lincoln  Log  Cabin 


A  new  department  recently  established  is  the  rug  weaving  department  where  waste  materials  such  as 
discarded  uniforms,  socks,  overalls,  shirts  and  other  articles  are  converted  into  rugs.  This  new  industry 
has  not  only  added  greatly  to  the  appearance  of  the  interior  of  the  buildings  but  as  an  occupational  therapy 
has  been  of  great  benefit  to  the  boys. 

Play  is  just  as  important  as  work  in  caring  for  these  boys  and  the  school  is  well  equipped  with  playground 
apparatus,  a  mile  race  track  for  athletic  field  sport,  and  several  base  ball  diamonds.  The  management 
believes  that  "all  work  and  no  play  makes  Jack  a  dull  boy"  therefore  recreation  and  play  are  encouraged. 

A  monthly  magazine  "The  Boy  Agriculturi^,"  is  published  and  di^ributed  free  of  charge  to  people 
throughout  the  ^ate. 

The  boys  have  also  constructed  a  large  reser'/oir  or  lake,  the  v*rork  being  done  during  a  school  vacation. 
Then  a  pavillion  was  erecfled  on  its  shores,  with  cooking  ranges  convenient,  so  our  boys  may  have  an  occa- 
sional ta^e  of  camping  life  so  dear  to  youth. 

They  have  also  built  a  fountain  on  the  shore  of  the  lake  from  which  a  two  inch  ^ream  of  pure  wa- 
ter is  continually  discharged  and  flows  into  the  lake.  A  beautiful  little  island  in  the  lake  makes  a  pretty 
pidture  and  furnishes  a  wonderful  place  for  a  party  or  picnic  for  the  boys.  Duck  island,  so  named  because 
of  the  large  number  of  ducks  on  the  lake  is  gained  by  crossing  a  new  bridge  known  as  Character  Bridge. 
They  call  the  fountain  the  Fountain  of  Youth.  We  have  a  zoo,  which  contains  two  bears,  four  foxes,  two 
monkeys,  a  v^rolf  and  many  other  smaller  animals;  also  a  beautiful  swan.  Many  of  these  have  been  present- 
ed by  friends  of  the  boys'  school. 

Many  of  our  citizens  look  on  this  invitation  as  a  prison  but  it  is  more  of  a  rural  school,  away  from 
citv  environment  where  the  boys  may  be  properly  trained.  There  is  no  Vone  wall  surrounding  the  inVi- 
tution  and  no  cells  in  which  boys  are  confined.  Kindness  and  strict  discipline  are  the  slogans  of  the  inVi- 
tution. 

Among  the  recent  improvements  at  the  St.  Charles  School  for  Boys  which  represents  work  done  by 
boy  inmates,  is;  Adams  Stone  Gateway  and  Fence  along  the  Lincoln  Highw^ay.  The  gateway  has  been 
embellished  by  the  planting  of  shrubbery,  and  the  front  driveway  his  been  decorated  by  a  row  of  shade 
trees  planted  on  each  side,  together  with  a  cement  walk  leading  from  the  Highway  to  the  AdminiVration 
Building.  The  Sinton  house  on  the  200  acre  farm  recently  acquired  by  the  State  has  been  completely  re- 
modeled, and  the  addition  to  the  Industrial  Building  has  been  finished  An  old  dairy  barn  has  been  con- 
verted into  a  root  cellar,  and  numerous  sheds  for  housing  farm  implements  have  been  conVructed.  The  horse 
barn  was  also  remodeled  into  an  automobile  repair  shop. 


Boy's  Lake  with  Amusement  Hall  in  Background 


Another  view  of  the  log   cabin,  showing  rail  fence  in   front 


Printed  by  the  Class  in  Printing 

St    Charles  School  for  Boys 

St.  Charles,  Illinois 


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